Albinism-Jia+L.

lbinism

Albinism **Description: ** Albinism is a disorder in humans, animals or plants which lack color in the skin, hair, and/or eyes. Their body isn’t able to make the normal amount of melanin, chemicals which are responsible for the colors in the skin, hair and eyes. There are 2 types of Albinism. Type 1 is when the body can’t make enough melanin for the skin, hair and eyes. Type 2 is a defect in the “P” gene, slight coloring at birth.

**Inheritance: ** Albinism is genetic. It is a recessive gene so both parents must be a carrier or have the disorder.

**Symptoms: ** Lack of color or no color in the skin, hair and eyes.

**Daily Life: **

**Diagnosis: **

**Treatment: ** Treatments depend on how sever it is. · Don’t go out in the sun to much. Easily gets sun burns · Apply sunscreen with high sun protection factor (SPF) · Get sunglasses with ultraviolet (UV) protection to help relieve light sensitivity. · Eye muscle surgery may be needed to correct abnormal eye movement (Nystagmus)

**Research: **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">There are several different types of Albinism depending on its severity. There are also 4 types of Oculocanteous. Oculocanteous type 1 (OCA1) are a genetic defect in an enzyme called tyrosinase. The enzyme helps change amino acids and tyrosine into pigments. There are two subtypes of OCA1. There’s OCA1A and OCA1B. In OCA1A the enzyme is inactive and no melanin is produced, leading to white hair and very light skin. In OCA1B, the enzyme is minimally active and a small amount of melanin is produced, leading to hair that may darken to blond, yellow/orange or even light brown, as well as slightly more pigment in the skin.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Oculocanteous type 2 (OCA2 or P genes) is less severe than OCA1. The skin is a creamy white color, hair is yellow or light blonde and lighter irises.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Oculocanteous type 3 usually effects darker skinned people. This type has reddish-brown skin, red or ginger hair, and hazel or brown irises.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Oculocanteous type 4 is similar to type 2. Since the four types are similar to each other you have to see the genetic build up.

**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Additional Facts: ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Eye colors vary from blue to hazel or brown, sometimes but rarely red or violet depending on how much pigment is in the eye but all types of Albinism comes with vision problems that can’t be corrected by glasses.

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